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a The expression level of Apln mRNA in TM4 cell under high glucose (HG) and insulin. Data are presented as means ± SEM. Unpaired two-tailed t test. Results of three independent experiments are shown ( n = 3). b Immunofluorescence of ACTB (red) co-stained with APLN (green) in TM4 cell under HG and insulin. Scale bar, 5 μm. c Quantitative analysis of APLN immunofluorescence level in ( b ). Box-and-whisker plots denote the maximum (top whisker), 75th (top edge of box), 25th (bottom edge of box) and minimum (bottom whisker) percentiles, and the median (line in box). Unpaired two-tailed t test. n = 100 cells examined over 3 independent experiments. d Immunofluorescence of ACTB (red) co-stained with HIF1A (green) in TM4 cell under HG. Scale bar, 5 μm. e Genome browser view of the HIF1A density in the Apln range in negative control (NC) and HG treated TM4 cell. f PCA analysis of metabolomic data in NC and APLN group. Four biological replicates were performed for each group. g Heatmap showing all differential <t>metabolites</t> in NC and APLN group. h The metabolic level of NAD+, carnitine and glutathione and Palmitelaidic Acid in NC and APLN group. unpaired two-tailed t test between sample groups. n = 4 biologically independent samples. Each box represents the median and the 25 and 75% quartiles, and the whiskers indicate 1.5 times of the interquartile range. i , Immunoblots of TJP1 and GJA1 in TM4 treated APLN and by combination of three metabolites in different concentrations. j Immunoblots of TJP1 and GJA1 in TM4 treated APLN and three different concentrations (200, 500, 1000 μM) of each metabolites separately. k Immunoblots of indicated proteins in stable knockdown APJ cell treated APLN or HG. l Immunoblots of indicated proteins in TM4 treated APLN or HG and rescued by ML221. m Immunoblots of indicated proteins in TM4 treated APLN or HG and rescued by F13A. n Immunoblots of AMPKα1 and p-AMPKα1 in TM4 treated APLN or different concentrations of Palmitelaidic Acid.
Metabolites, supplied by Selleck Chemicals, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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a The expression level of Apln mRNA in TM4 cell under high glucose (HG) and insulin. Data are presented as means ± SEM. Unpaired two-tailed t test. Results of three independent experiments are shown ( n = 3). b Immunofluorescence of ACTB (red) co-stained with APLN (green) in TM4 cell under HG and insulin. Scale bar, 5 μm. c Quantitative analysis of APLN immunofluorescence level in ( b ). Box-and-whisker plots denote the maximum (top whisker), 75th (top edge of box), 25th (bottom edge of box) and minimum (bottom whisker) percentiles, and the median (line in box). Unpaired two-tailed t test. n = 100 cells examined over 3 independent experiments. d Immunofluorescence of ACTB (red) co-stained with HIF1A (green) in TM4 cell under HG. Scale bar, 5 μm. e Genome browser view of the HIF1A density in the Apln range in negative control (NC) and HG treated TM4 cell. f PCA analysis of metabolomic data in NC and APLN group. Four biological replicates were performed for each group. g Heatmap showing all differential metabolites in NC and APLN group. h The metabolic level of NAD+, carnitine and glutathione and Palmitelaidic Acid in NC and APLN group. unpaired two-tailed t test between sample groups. n = 4 biologically independent samples. Each box represents the median and the 25 and 75% quartiles, and the whiskers indicate 1.5 times of the interquartile range. i , Immunoblots of TJP1 and GJA1 in TM4 treated APLN and by combination of three metabolites in different concentrations. j Immunoblots of TJP1 and GJA1 in TM4 treated APLN and three different concentrations (200, 500, 1000 μM) of each metabolites separately. k Immunoblots of indicated proteins in stable knockdown APJ cell treated APLN or HG. l Immunoblots of indicated proteins in TM4 treated APLN or HG and rescued by ML221. m Immunoblots of indicated proteins in TM4 treated APLN or HG and rescued by F13A. n Immunoblots of AMPKα1 and p-AMPKα1 in TM4 treated APLN or different concentrations of Palmitelaidic Acid.

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Targeting APLN/APJ restores blood-testis barrier and improves spermatogenesis in murine and human diabetic models

doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-34990-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: a The expression level of Apln mRNA in TM4 cell under high glucose (HG) and insulin. Data are presented as means ± SEM. Unpaired two-tailed t test. Results of three independent experiments are shown ( n = 3). b Immunofluorescence of ACTB (red) co-stained with APLN (green) in TM4 cell under HG and insulin. Scale bar, 5 μm. c Quantitative analysis of APLN immunofluorescence level in ( b ). Box-and-whisker plots denote the maximum (top whisker), 75th (top edge of box), 25th (bottom edge of box) and minimum (bottom whisker) percentiles, and the median (line in box). Unpaired two-tailed t test. n = 100 cells examined over 3 independent experiments. d Immunofluorescence of ACTB (red) co-stained with HIF1A (green) in TM4 cell under HG. Scale bar, 5 μm. e Genome browser view of the HIF1A density in the Apln range in negative control (NC) and HG treated TM4 cell. f PCA analysis of metabolomic data in NC and APLN group. Four biological replicates were performed for each group. g Heatmap showing all differential metabolites in NC and APLN group. h The metabolic level of NAD+, carnitine and glutathione and Palmitelaidic Acid in NC and APLN group. unpaired two-tailed t test between sample groups. n = 4 biologically independent samples. Each box represents the median and the 25 and 75% quartiles, and the whiskers indicate 1.5 times of the interquartile range. i , Immunoblots of TJP1 and GJA1 in TM4 treated APLN and by combination of three metabolites in different concentrations. j Immunoblots of TJP1 and GJA1 in TM4 treated APLN and three different concentrations (200, 500, 1000 μM) of each metabolites separately. k Immunoblots of indicated proteins in stable knockdown APJ cell treated APLN or HG. l Immunoblots of indicated proteins in TM4 treated APLN or HG and rescued by ML221. m Immunoblots of indicated proteins in TM4 treated APLN or HG and rescued by F13A. n Immunoblots of AMPKα1 and p-AMPKα1 in TM4 treated APLN or different concentrations of Palmitelaidic Acid.

Article Snippet: Agonists, antagonists, and metabolites used in this study were listed as follows: Glutathione (Selleck, S4606), L-carnitine (Selleck, S2388), NAD+ (Selleck, S2518), Palmitelaidic Acid (MedChemExpress, HY-N2341), Apelin-13 (Abcam, ab141010), Pyr1-Apelin-13 (TargetMol, TP1260), Ulixertinib (Selleck, S7854), AICAR (Selleck, S1802), IDF-11774 (Selleck, S8771).

Techniques: Expressing, Two Tailed Test, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Whisker Assay, Negative Control, Western Blot, Knockdown